The film has been put together very well, enabling those not familiar with the story, to really understand what happened and how the immediate family was affected. This year’s film festival had a strong theme of war and torture, with films like “Incendies” and “The First Grader” but I was still deeply moved by this film. It’s easy to become worn out by such stories, either feeling powerless, pessimistic or resigned. For me though they simply reinforce the need to keep pushing for democratic systems where human rights abuses are less likely to happen.

One interesting aspect of the film was the ability to interview survivors of Tuol Sleng, a handful of people who made it out alive and were able to bear witness to the atrocities that took place. Even more amazing were the interviews with those complicit such as the head of the local navy and an interrogator. Annie and Rob, especially, did a great job in keeping their emotions in check whilst doing their best to dig out as much information as they could without losing control. For Rob this really was a search for clues, for any piece of information, which would help him to piece together the last days of his brother. There was something almost masochistic about this undertaking. Why put yourself through that 30 years after the event? It was interesting that not all Rob’s siblings were entirely supportive of the idea (though on seeing the end result that changed). I can understand the reaction. The family had suffered enough so why drag it all up and make a film about it?

But that’s the whole point of bearing witness, of the calling to account, ultimately of justice. It’s also about acceptance, about releasing hidden and suppressed feelings of anger, hurt, betrayal, disgust, worthlessness and so on. Testifying in front of the court was the culmination of Rob’s journey and it was a fascinating moment, as he interrogated Duch directly. Duch was very courteous in answering his questions, bringing all his new found Christian beliefs to the fore. You almost had to pinch yourself to believe this was happening. Rob’s wife, Rachel, watched on the television outside the court, sensing his pain. I sensed that pain was still there when he spoke to the audience after the film.

Maybe it’s something that never leaves you. Even with all the Truth and Reconciliation Committees, The International Criminal Courts and other justice organisations, one is left with grief for the manner in which a loved one is killed. So within the carnage that was the Cambodian genocide, we are left with a simple human story of a brother that never came home and who found himself, by sheer misfortune, in the midst of a terrible process of human destruction. There is a no easy answer to be gleaned, no trite conclusion to be presented, just a revealing portrait of the suffering of one man and those around him.

Whilst the nature of justice is explored constantly, there are no solutions offered. How can there be? We’ve seen it all before, with the 20th Century littered with genocidal maniacs and the 21st Century is off to the same start. No, this is very much Rob’s personal story, a journey of discovery, understanding and exploration. One can only hope that producing this great film (there will be lots more footage on the website) will help him to release some of that pain and suffering. The film is an important testimony and it stands upright in that endeavour. In the end though life goes on and I’m left with the image of Kerry, not in S21, but sitting on the front of the Foxy Lady, grinning away at the joy of life. I’m sure that’s how he’d like to be remembered.

As with all decent revolutions students are to the forefront and are certainly bearing the brunt of reprisals. And those reprisals will come thick and fast, hard and long, brutal and deadly. That’s just the way it is.

The Iranian authorities are somewhat stunned looking like they have been slapped by a wet fish.

“Where is my vote” people ask. Down the back of the sofa in Ahmadinejad’s office probably but the reality is that we don’t know that answer. But certainly the polling in advance of the election suggests the actual result might be rather different to the official one.

This is a big story and like Tiananmen it has captured the interest and hearts of many around the world. The connected generation has been pounding keyboards collating and disseminating information through social media with Twitter, especially, providing an outlet for up to the minute street reports.

Journalism schools will be setting 140 word max reports as part of their testing soon.

@persiankiwi has been a star with 24,000 hasitly assembled followers. Streaming news just took on new meaning. Instead of having the same story respooled and playing non-stop for 24 hours, we are getting a blow by blow account of what’s happening on the ground. It will be interesting to see how traditional media outlets can respond to this.

Given that most of them have been expelled they may not be much help. It suggests that any concerned citizen in any given country on any given day can provide a source of news. You just need a phone and away you go.

Imagine if we’d had mobile phones and Twitter in Tiananmen Sqaure. I wonder what difference it would have made to how China handled the situation.

What interests me most about this is that its an internal action. No regime change here…no hordes of US soldiers and targeted bombs..no neo-con fantasy of parachuted democracy. It’s the Iranian people trying to have their say. That is such a difference to its poor neighbours to the east and west who are mired in US inspired conflict.

In a way the outcome in Iran right now isn’t that important. It could end up really ugly or not. It’s hard to tell but the wheels have been set in motion. The world is watching and supportive of the process of peaceful demonstration.

There may be punishment, deaths, torture but realistically the authorities have limits in that area given the widespread dissent.

As Gandhi once said of British authorities trying to crack down on peaceful protest:

“But how many can be given such punishment? Try and calculate how much time it will take of Britishers to hang 300 million of persons”

My parents actually lived in Sri Lanka for a short time just before the civil war broke out. I spent the Xmas holidays on 1980/1 visiting them and enjoying the gorgeous beaches of the south west and the green hinterland. When I heard that civil war had broken out it didn’t really resonate with me. As a 14 year old, the Sinhalese and Tamils I had met just seemed like people. Also growing up with the conflict in Northern Ireland never far from the news, it seemed par for the course.

People, even of the same colour and country, could still engage in war. Both sides of my family have been on the wrong end of the ethnic vacuum cleaner so maybe I was just inured to it.But these days I am very tuned into any mention of ethincity and references to improving the hygiene of ones home country.

Whilst pondering the end of the latest carnage I was floored by the story of a Catholic man who was beaten to death by a group of Rangers football supporters in a small town in Northern Ireland. It was after Rangers had triumphed by winning the Scottish soccer leage competiton that a bunch of Rangers fans, Protestants, decided to pay a visit to the Catholic part of town and basically murder someone. Which they did.

So it continues. It’s a bit 20th century though.

Nowhere is immune from this.

What about that gorgeous Kingdom of Happiness, Bhutan. Apparently a wonderful place to visit and a very progressive society. In fact about 5 years ago I included Bhutan in a paper on E-government. It was quite advanced for a small mountainous country. No mention in the Wikipedia entry of ethnic cleansing.

Yet in the last 15 Years nearly 15-20% of the population has been cleansed and evicted from the country. What the..???

They certainly kept that quiet. 120,000 Bhutanese have been transformed into refugees living in 7 camps in Nepal. Some have found their way here to Christchurch to start a new life.

It feels like an ongoing epidemic……it’s hard to know when it will stop. Our identity is so important to us, yet at the same time it allows the tyranny of the majority an easy way to express any kind of anger or frustration. As Amartya Sen writes in “Identity and Violence“,

“..a major source of potential conflict in the contemporary world is the presumption that people can be uniquely categorized based on religion or culture”.

Indeed but it’s our willingness to succumb to group behaviour and peer pressure that allows atrocities like ethnic cleansing and genocide to happy. How can we move away from the “clash of civilizations” and to an appreciation of the person?

Actually I don’t know if we can. It seems so ingrained in our nature. Of course we can all educate our children and imbue them with values that include compassion, kindness and care.

I wonder how technology will help? I have a feeling that will play a bigger part than we realise. Maybe when all the teenagers around the world are connected through the semantic web……who knows?

Go and see it if you can.

6 years ago she was murdered by the Israeli Defence Force, run over by a bulldozer attempting to destroy yet another ordinary civilian home. A mere speck in the devastation that is Palestine. But before everyone gets too excited, this post is not about Palestine but about the difference that individuals can make. That she continues to inspire people to act is in itself telling. That she gave her life for it is tragic but as she would probably understand, innocent lives are lost every day for little or no reason.

No Tiananmen Square mythology for her. The bulldozer did not stop for her. Perhaps because it wasn’t on film the Israeli driver didn’t feel any compunction to stop. One can only imagine what happens when no one is around. But this is the point. When we survey the world we can be overwhelmed by the incessant brutality and barbarism meted out daily by tyrants the world over. Yet still individuals can make a huge difference by directing us to the most minor of events which for us assume mythic proportions…perhaps biblical….David vs Goliath ring any bells.

Our sympathy is often with the individual, the person alone. It is the power of one that can move us, inspire us, energise us to say no. It’s why leaders such as Gandhi, Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King caused so many problems for their persecutors. One person can be harder to defeat than an army. It’s why Aung San Suu Kyi is always in our thoughts, always visible to the international community and always a thorn in the side of the tyrants.

So yes one person can make a difference. You can make a difference, no matter who you are or where you come from.

You can think about it or you can act, like Rachel did or you can write a letter.

It always counts no matter what the action.

The US is taking this very seriously and reportedly holding up several military technology deals whilst the case is looked over. At the same time, Dick Cheney, the Republican Robespierre, is a strong supporter of torture himself, a stand which has cost the US incalcuable harm in terms of foreign relations and standing.

Whilst the new administration has taken a strong stance against torture and has shut down Guantanamo Bay, the US has yet to recover from its actions during the Bush years.In fact this exchange shows that the country is very much split on the issue of torture as a means to and end…if it’s the right thing to do. Never mind that the US has rather lost its mojo when it comes to freedom and liberty and right to a fair trial, it is still yet to recover and find its feet on this issue.

The spreading of democracy and freedom by the sword seems to sounds very much like the spreading of the word of God by the sword. Are they one and the same? Has the US turned to the darkside? The war on terror or war of terror? The zeal of many Americans towards towards justifiable torture creates some interesting historical parallels.

As Brandeis said ” The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” Essentially “men of zeal” have always justified their actions by proclaiming some form of revelation, enlightenment or spiritual cleansing. The poster boys or high priests (literally) of torture, the Inquisitors, ahowed us the road to God but ultimately were trumped by Robespierre, surely the father of modern terror, in the world of modern state. Perhaps terror was France’s most infamous and underreported export?

As Robespierre put it “This terrible war waged by liberty against tyranny” must surely involve killing many people…who are not on the right side of the ledger…..and on and on……Leopold (The Belgian Genocider), Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Mao, Pol Pot all merrily feasted on the droppings of this freedom lover. Can “virtue and terror” sleep easily with each other. I think not.

It’s good to see the US authorities reacting with dismay and distaste to this story. Only now can they really face up to what has happened over the last 8 years (and let’s face it many years before). But also what is clear is that its a debate that has someway to run as the US pillars freedom, liberty and virture are disinfected by the sunlight.

It’s been a long wait for many Cambodians but justice, although seemingly asleep, can be awoken at any time. It’s also a poignant moment for Kiwis as Kerry Hamill, brother of Rob Hamill, the NZ rower, was one of the victims along with a British man, John Dewhirst and a Canadian, Stuart Glass. Their boat had drfited into Cambodian waters in 1978 leaving them at the mercy of the murderous regime. Stuart Glass was killed instantly but John and Kerry made the harsh journey to camp S-21 where they eventually were killed.

Another Kiwi, Dame Silvia Cartwright, is one of the five judges appointed to oversee the trial. It will undoubtedly be a very testing case to judge even though the evidence is quite clear. It will hopefully prompt the international community to look around the world and see if it could be doing more to prevent genocides and other cleansings from taking place.

They could start by looking at the decimation of the Karen people in the world’s No 1 Murder Regime, Mynamar. But there is no shortage of murderous action around the world especially where natural resources are plentiful. Plus ca change………

As for Duch and his explanations, I think we are long past accepting “i was following orders” as any kind of defense for violent action.

As Edmund Burke said “All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing”

The focus so far has been on freedom, equality and the application of the rule of law. But no article better enshrines the fear many people live with, namely that someone will come to your house and take you away.

Arbitrary arrest and detention are weapons of fear. They walk closely in hand with torture, which can be liberally applied in some dark, dank cell where no one is watching.

This is a weapon for crushing democracy and freedom. Countries like Burma continue to use it today to make sure their population is suppressed and bathed in fear.

When you go to bed tonight spare a thought for those who sleep lightly whilst waiting for the knock at the door.

This has been one of the most debated and patrolled articles. The use of torture has been so widespread in times of war and terrorism that it has become government policy in many countries, just another extension of police and military processsing.

It probably falls under “does the means justify the ends” debate. Does torturing information out of a prisoner, which turns out to save lives, justify the action.

Abu Ghraib is an example of how it can all go horribly wrong. The US is not alone in taking whatever measures are needed to break or humiliate a prisoner.

There is no mention in the UNDHR of the responsibilities that come with the granting of rights. Clearly breaking the law is one of them and that would include waging terrorism or state sponsored war.

The Geneva Convention set the standard for treatment or prisoners in a more conventional theatre of war. But many political prisoners are routinely tortured and they may include prisoners arrested for any number of reason which may include terrorism, which these days cuts a wide swathe.

But when dealing with people who wish to kill and maim civilians (such as the 7/7 bombings in London) how far would you go in trying to extract information?

Is it justifiable under pragmatic grounds or should it just be ruled out? Does one take an absolutist perspective such as no death penalty or does one take a more relavatist or utilitarianist approach?

There are many differing views on this.

My personal view is that we should oppose torture. It just lowers us and keeps the fire of anger and hatred burning and quite frankly rarely achieves anything except to deliver more bad karma into the universe.

What do you think?

This seems pretty obvious and to many the days of slavery would seem to be long past. Unfortunately that isn’t the case. The trafficking of people (modern day slavery) continues to happen on a global scale.

Not many countries are unaffected in some way by this hideous activity. It’s long past our historic notion of black slaves taken from Africa to the Empire and beyond. Today slavery consists of bonded labour, early or forced marriage, forced labour, slavery by descent, forced sex work and extreme forms of child labour.

None of it is pleasant.

It’s true that our economic system prizes cheap labour and so in a way encourages that drive. Certainly it makes one think about why and how this still happens? Certainly people look to escape poor circumstances and that can often lead them into the hands of traffickers of hope but deliverers of hell.

But wherever you are reading this from don’t think your country is immune to this. It isn’t.

Violence never seems far from the front pages over here. Whether it’s child abuse, domestic assault, late night bashings or just some good old biffo on the sports pitch, the modus operandi is the same: fists. Is Jake the Muss the deeply ingrained dark side of the NZ male? That’s not to present the UK as a country that doesn’t experience violence on a regular basis. It’s hard to remember a month in recent years where a teenager hasn’t been knifed to death.

The rise in violent crime in London was certainly one reason to move to NZ.

But there are differences. The two Deborah’s raise the issues of violence and anti-intellectualism as being embedded in NZ society. Deborah Coddington laments the violent culture that pervades this “Godless country” noting the desire to hand out “loving smacks” as an inviolate right. If one casts back a year and remembers the furore at the introduction of an “anti smacking” law here. The energy going into a repeal of this law is quite impressive. Regardless of the merits of the new law it is the desire to be allowed to hit that, for me at least, reflects a desire to sort matters out with brawn rather than brains.

This follows neatly onto Deborah Hill Cone’s piece on Jim Bolger and his new appointment as the “Fat Controller” for Kiwirail (will all the trains be black?). As she notes

“The only conclusion to draw is New Zealand’s anti-intellectualism is so acute we really feel most comfortable being governed by thick people or bullies”.

This point was reinforced by Robert Winston on his recent trip to NZ where he noted that cleverness was not valued. He also noted we are exporting our talented people in droves and under investing in research and education.

New Zealand is in some ways still primitive. We rely on our primary industries for the bulk of our economic performance. Perhaps that is still reflected in our base culture. Perhaps that is why the Auckland rugby league team was named “The Warriors”. Talk about embedding the brand!

The way the news is presented on TV One sometimes seems an extension of that silly programme “A Game of Two Halves” which makes “A Question of Sport” look like “University Challenge”. That the man in question is involved in both probably reflects the current malaise. On top of that the jocularity of the presenters leaves one to wonder whether it is the news or some mates gathering.

This story wont go away. At some point the violence, and its seeming acceptance, has to be addressed at a wider level.