No not today but back in 1696. But its useful to just retell the story as it has laid the foundation for the development of industrial societies all over the world but primarily the UK and the USA.

When the Bank of England was formed in 1694 it was not as a government agency but a joint stockholder company who then lent money to the government to wage war. Money and war go hand in hand really….sound familiar?

But the deal was interesting. Coin, in the form of gold and silver, had to be deposited and then was lent at a rate of interest which at the time was 8%. This is where the term “gilt edged” comes from.

So far so good. But at the same time new money in the form of paper bills was issued against the same deposit of coin. Therefore at a stroke the amount of money as measured by coin and paper was doubled. The paper money was exchangeable for coin so in fact there was only enough coin for half the supply of money.

I’ve seen more complicated magic tricks at a children’s birthday party!

Needless to say some bright spark decided to up the ante somewhat and the first run took place. Over time this settled down so that 4 to 6 times the gold on reserve could be lent out as paper money. This paper money became known as “good as gold”. Quite clearly it wasn’t but it became accepted.

This was taken to extreme by the Farmers Exchange Bank from Rhode Island which was found to have issued banknotes to the tune of $580m backed up by metal reserves of just $3m (note to Les Hunter for that information).

It never hurts to check the balance sheet of your bank to see exactly how much it does have in the way of equity but as we saw in the UK recently it doesn’t really matter since its all guaranteed by the authorities anyway!

Tags: bank of england, banking, central banks, credit, financial crisis, money, Uncategorized